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Agriculture & Systems Design Designing the Future Growing a Life That Matters Living with Purpose

RR11: The Most Resilient Gardens Feed More Than Hunger

Rooted & Resilient | by Marisa Herzer

Reclaiming Our Relationship with Healing Plants

It has been a long standing desire of mine to incorporate medicinal herbs as a part of my resilient homestead ecosystem. Perhaps this passion was ignited the first time we walked across our land, sifting through the tall native grasses and finding little sections of native sage and poppy mallows. The wild onion and garlic, small oak saplings and the plethora of green briar just beaming with life shocked me. Before we saw the property in person, my city mind saw grass and trees, not fully aware of the true diversity and life right at the fingertips of whoever may steward that land.

Medicinal herbs are not a trendy wellness aesthetic, but a truly important key to our ability to heal and thrive without being dependent on any other entity. A resilient society should not lose its relationship with healing plants – but unfortunately we have lost touch with what these remarkable plants can and have done for our species for centuries.

As an agriculturist, I carry a deep belief that losing herbal knowledge disconnects people from their inherent resilience. While I will always carry an appreciation for modern medicine where it’s appropriate, there is a deep importance in knowing the land beyond food production. The dependence our society currently has on larger systems to provide for us concerns me and fuels my passion to influence more independence. To me, this means normalizing medicinal gardening.

Small container garden on a Texas homestead used to grow medicinal herbs and resilient garden plants near mature oak trees.

There is an emotional comfort in growing healing plants, and we become more resilient in every action we take to become more literate in our wellness. Just as important as a first aid kit, there is an importance in households having an understanding in basic supportive care, like how to grow and use medicinal herbs to treat ailments of all kinds.

There’s something to be said about the knowledge your grandma carries about what will work when you’re sick with a cold, or what kind of leaves will help the burning from poison ivy. If your stomach is upset, she also knows what kind of mix to cook up so you can drink away the pain… and all of this knowledge was carried from her mom through lived experience. It is painful to think that the generational knowledge we have available to us would eventually wash away over time. It’s important that we preserve and practice these skills so they do not disappear with the generations who carry them today. As much as we can buy at the store to cure our ailments, there are just as many things we can grow from a seed, nurture into a living plant and then harvest to care for us in a new way.

More Than a Remedy

There’s a deep feeling of care embedded in tending to medicinal herbs, and the rewarding feeling of taking the time to learn about them and assign new meaning to plants that once looked like weeds growing in a pasture. Your garden serves more than hunger.

The World Beneath Our Feet

What fascinates me even more is that plants are not growing alone. The deeper I study agriculture and ecology, the more I find myself humbled by what exists beneath our feet. Long before we ever harvest a leaf for tea or gather flowers for a salve, an entire community is already at work below the surface of the soil.

Prepared garden beds at Bent Oak Homestead surrounded by native Texas trees, illustrating the early stages of building healthy soil before planting.

Scientists have spent decades studying mycorrhizal fungi, for example, and the vast underground networks they form with plants (mycorrhizal networks). Through these relationships, fungi connect to plant roots and help move water, nutrients and chemical systems throughout the ecosystem. Some researchers have described this to be the “wood wide web,” where plants are able to share resources and respond to environmental stresses in ways we are only at the beginning of understanding.

The way I see it, this is a powerful reminder that resilience is not about independence alone. Even nature thrives through relationship.

The medicinal herbs in our gardens are not isolated organisms fighting for survival on their own but a living network that supports the health of the soil, the vitality of their neighboring plants and ultimately the wellness of everything depending on them. When we grow medicinal herbs, we participate in a system of connection that began well before our time and can continue long after us if we steward it well.

Resilience Is Created Through Relationship

The most resilient gardens feed more than hunger because they teach us how resilience is created in the first place: through relationship.

Just as these underground relationships matter, the way we manage our land matters too. One of the questions that sits at the heart of our work through Frontier West is simple: How do we create conditions for life to thrive?

Diversity Creates Stability

A medicinal garden should not exist as isolated beds of herbs. Just as natural ecosystems contain grasses, flowers, fungi, insects, shrubs, and trees working together: resilient homesteads benefit from diversity as well. Regenerative agriculture emphasizes:

  • biodiversity
  • living roots
  • minimal soil disturbance
  • ecological reelationships
  • long term soil health

So rather than simply extracting from the land, we deeply invest our participation in systems that continually renew themselves. Permaculture is a wonderful example of this in which plants are placed in guilds to promote healthy interacting networks to ultimately create ecologically sound and economically prosperous human communities.

The Soil is Part of the Medicine

It’s common to think that medicinal herbs are only beneficial once they are harvested, but the quality of the plant begins long before the harvest. Healthy soil biology influences nutrient availability, plant vigor, stress resistance and secondary plant compounds (which mycorrhiza significantly stimulates in plants). To put it simply, the medicine starts in the soil.

Designing for Wellness

Sunlight breaking through dramatic clouds over a rural Texas homestead, casting golden rays across the landscape at sunset.

At Frontier West, we often think about resilience through systems. Water flow, soil health, livestock integration, plant diversity, and land stewardship are not separate conversations in our world. They are interconnected parts of the same landscape.

When we design properties, we are not simply deciding where a garden should go but considering things like how water moves across the site, how organic matter is built, how pollinators are supported and how plants can thrive within a healthy ecological community – to name a few.

Medicinal herbs have a place in that vision because resilience is not only about producing food. It’s also about supporting wellness, connection, and the ability to care for ourselves and our families.

Resilience Is More Than Stockpiles

As we continue building our Bent Oak Homestead, medicinal herbs are becoming part of the larger vision. We don’t expect them to replace every modern convenience, but we do believe in the resilience that grows when we participate more fully in the systems that sustain us. Learning about these plants, growing them, and understanding their role in the landscape feels like one small way of reclaiming knowledge that was once so common.

Nature teaches us that resilience is more than stored food, supplies and medicine. It is not created by accumulation, but by healthy relationships. The relationships between plants and fungi, soil and roots, families and knowledge, and the people and the land.


From the Desk of Marisa, The Agriculturist

Marisa holds a Bachelor of Science in Animal Science Production and a Master of Science in Agricultural and Consumer Resources from Tarleton State University.

Her journey into agriculture began with horses. Studying their physiology, nutrition, and behavior revealed something deeper: environments are shaped not only by inputs, but by energy and connection.

Her work focuses on functional, science-backed agricultural systems that strengthen resilience for both people and animals.

At Rooted & Resilient and Frontier West, she integrates traditional livestock production with regenerative design — always asking:

How can we design systems that nourish more than they consume?

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Categories
Agriculture & Systems Design Designing the Future

RR8: Wolffia – The Smallest Plant on Earth With the Power to Feed the Future

Rooted & Resilient | by Marisa Herzer

When most people think of protein, they may picture cattle, chickens, soy fields, or powder in a plastic tub.

Very few imagine still water.

Very few imagine something so small it can barely be seen with the naked eye while floating quietly on the surface of a pond. Resilience has always had a way of hiding in plain sight.

Wolffia — the smallest flowering plant on Earth — may be one of the most overlooked, underappreciated protein sources available to both people and livestock. The more I study it, the more it represents something deeper to me: the kind of intelligent design that nature has been offering us all along.

Only if we are willing to look… if we are willing to listen.


What Is Wolffia?

Wolffia is part of the duckweed family (Lemnaceae), but it is even smaller and more efficient than the duckweed most people recognize.

Close-up of wolffia and duckweed floating on freshwater, showing small green aquatic plants and delicate flowering structures.
Wolffia and related duckweed species (Lemnaceae) floating on freshwater.

A few things it does:

  • Floats freely on freshwater
  • Has no roots
  • Measures roughly 0.5–1.5 mm
  • Doubles its biomass in as little as 24–48 hours under optimal conditions
  • Is one of the fastest-growing plants on Earth

There are several species, including Wolffia globosa and Wolffia arrhiza, some of which have been consumed traditionally in Southeast Asia for generations.

From a systems perspective, this matters. This is because land is limited, water is precious and inputs are expensive.

Wolffia asks for very little.


A Legitimate Protein Source

On a dry weight basis, wolffia contains upwards of 30% protein, depending on species and growing conditions1. That puts it in the same conversation as soybeans — but without the need for tillage, large acreage, or heavy mechanical harvesting.

Even more astonishing:

  • It contains a strong amino acid profile.
  • It is highly digestible.
  • It lacks lignin, which makes nutrient absorption easier than many terrestrial plant sources.

Researchers — including teams affiliated with NASA — have studied duckweed and related aquatic plants for use in closed-loop life support systems due to their extraordinary efficiency in oxygen production and protein generation within limited space.

When an organization tasked with feeding humans in space studies a plant, it deserves our attention.


Wolffia for Livestock: A Resilient Strategy

From an agricultural standpoint, wolffia becomes even more interesting.

It can serve as:2

  • A protein supplement for poultry
  • A component in aquaculture systems
  • A feed input for rabbits and small ruminants (when managed appropriately)
  • A supplemental protein source for swine

For homesteaders trying to reduce dependency on purchased feed, this is not a novelty. It is a strategy.

Wooden rainwater barrel on a farm, representing sustainable water storage for livestock and integrated homestead systems.
Resilient feed systems begin with water — and water systems begin with intentional storage and cycling.

Imagine:

  • A managed pond integrated into your rainwater system.
  • Nutrients cycling from livestock into water.
  • Wolffia absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus.
  • Harvested biomass returning to animals as feed.

That is systems thinking.

That is resilience.


Beyond Nutrition: Environmental Intelligence

Wolffia does more than feed.

It absorbs excess nutrients from water.
It can reduce runoff impact.
It requires no plowing, no heavy soil disturbance.
It produces rapid biomass with minimal land footprint.

In a world where agriculture often depletes, wolffia suggests something different — regeneration through design.

Resilience is not about expanding endlessly.

It is about increasing efficiency within the space you already have.


But This Is Where It Gets Personal

Horses are why I studied agriculture.

Long before I understood nutrient cycling, before I could calculate protein percentages or analyze feed ratios, I understood something else: that horses shift energy.

If you have ever stood next to one — truly, stood next to one — you know they do not simply occupy space. They influence it and their nervous systems regulate yours. Their heartbeat steadies the air, with their awareness changing the field around them.

Sunlight filtering through tall green trees in a quiet forest, symbolizing resilience and natural growth.

They taught me that environments are not just physical, but energetic.

That principle has never left me.

Wolffia grows in still water.
Still water responds to its environment.
Nutrients move through it.3
Energy moves through it.

When we design agricultural systems, we are not just managing matter. We are managing flow.

Flow of nutrients.
Flow of energy.
Flow of frequency.

The way we think about land affects the land.
The way we approach systems affects how those systems respond.

If you really listen — if you really connect with your surroundings — you begin to notice things most people miss.

You discover a world that was always there.


Can Humans Eat It?

Yes4 — and in some parts of the world, they already do.

In Thailand, certain species of wolffia are consumed fresh in soups and egg dishes. It can also be dried and powdered into protein supplements.

Of course, cultivation must be controlled. Water quality must be monitored. Identification must be accurate.

Responsible agriculture always includes responsibility.

However, the idea that protein must come from industrial monocropping or massive feedlots is simply not true.

Sometimes it floats quietly on the surface of a pond.


Practical Considerations

If you are considering exploring wolffia:

  • Ensure clean, controlled water sources.
  • Avoid contaminated runoff.
  • Confirm species identification.
  • Monitor nutrient input carefully.
  • Test before integrating into human diets.
  • Research local regulations if planning commercial sale.

Resilience does not mean reckless experimentation, but it does involve thoughtful integration.


Why This Matters for Rooted & Resilient

At Rooted & Resilient, we talk often about empowerment. It’s important to note that empowerment is not just about motivational language.

It is access to knowledge.

It is understanding that you are not trapped inside conventional systems.

It is recognizing that the smallest plant on Earth can produce legitimate protein for both animals and people.

Importantly: it is remembering that intelligence is built into nature LONG before we commercialized it.

Sometimes resilience looks like a pasture, and sometimes it looks like a barn. But, sometimes it looks like still water, growing something extraordinary. Only if you slow down long enough to notice.


From the Desk of Marisa, The Agriculturist

Marisa holds a Bachelor of Science in Animal Science Production and a Master of Science in Agricultural and Consumer Resources from Tarleton State University.

Her journey into agriculture began with horses. Studying their physiology, nutrition, and behavior revealed something deeper: environments are shaped not only by inputs, but by energy and connection.

Her work focuses on functional, science-backed agricultural systems that strengthen resilience for both people and animals.

At Rooted & Resilient and Frontier West, she integrates traditional livestock production with regenerative design — always asking:

How can we design systems that nourish more than they consume?

  1. Zhubin Hu, Yang Fang, Zhuolin Yi, Xueping Tian, Jinmeng Li, Yanling Jin, Kaize He, Penghui Liu, Anping Du, Yuhong Huang, Hai Zhao,
    Determining the nutritional value and antioxidant capacity of duckweed (Wolffia arrhiza) under artificial conditions,
    LWT,Volume 153,2022,112477,ISSN 0023-6438,
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112477.
    (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0023643821016303) Keywords: Wolffia arrhiza; Protein quality; Phytochemicals; Antioxidant capacity ↩︎
  2. Chigozie E. Ofoedu, Hayriye Bozkurt, Jenny C. Mortimer,
    Towards sustainable food security: Exploring the potential of duckweed (Lemnaceae) in diversifying food systems,
    Trends in Food Science & Technology, Volume 161, 2025, 105073, ISSN 0924-2244,
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105073.
    (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224425002092) Keywords: Duckweed; Food security; Plant protein; Sustainable agriculture; Consumer acceptance ↩︎
  3. Appenroth KJ, Sree KS, Bog M, Ecker J, Seeliger C, Böhm V, Lorkowski S, Sommer K, Vetter W, Tolzin-Banasch K, Kirmse R, Leiterer M, Dawczynski C, Liebisch G, Jahreis G. Nutritional Value of the Duckweed Species of the Genus Wolffia (Lemnaceae) as Human Food. Front Chem. 2018 Oct 29;6:483. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00483. PMID: 30420949; PMCID: PMC6215809. ↩︎
  4. Klaus-J. Appenroth, K. Sowjanya Sree, Volker Böhm, Simon Hammann, Walter Vetter, Matthias Leiterer, Gerhard Jahreis,
    Nutritional value of duckweeds (Lemnaceae) as human food,
    Food Chemistry, Volume 217, 2017, Pages 266-273, ISSN 0308-8146,
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.116.
    (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814616313565) Keywords: duckweed; Landoltia; Lemna; Spirodela; Wolffia; Wolffiella; Proteins; Fatty acids ↩︎